EmilyMorter

Category: Research

Makeup Research

Makeup is essential for horror when making someone appear scarier or more realistic. If the makeup is done well a person can seem frightening and abnormal but if the makeup is overdone then the effect is lost and can even be seen as humorous. Through my questionnaire analysis I discovered that my target audiences find certain makeup features to be scary.

  1.  Dark eyes
  2.  Pale Face
  3. Red Lips
  4. Bruised body

These features will be shown on the main female character. The youtube clip below of a makeup tutorial shows how to do all the features listed. The bruises I’ll create on her arms and on her neck as these are the main parts of her body which will be visible.

The teenagers in the woods will have simpler makeup. I’ll have some water to spray onto the female characters neck to show as sweat when she’s hiding behind the tree. The main part of there makeup will be blood on their faces to show they’ve died. I Intend for the girl to have a gash on her head and this will be created using fake blood and red face paint. The boy shall have a bruised face and some minor cuts under the eye and on the jaw. This will show the audience that he fought against the demon whereas the girl died straight away. Both will have a small amount white face paint on to ensure they’re face is visible when filming outside in the dark.

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The makeup kit which I’ll be using.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Location Research

 

My chosen location has been carefully selected. I thought about a number of factors when deciding the location such as accessibility and population factors (an area that lots of people will come to). Firstly my location was decided through the audience when I analyzed my questionnaire. The most popular answer was a dark forest. I needed to find an woodland area which was suitable to film in. The location I’ve chosen is close by and easily accessible for me and the actors to get to. Its a remote area so people can’t randomly stroll in and ruin a shot and we won’t be disturbed my road noise. As you can see from the picture below the area is a condensed woodland which means when inside it is quiet dark, this is ideal for filming as It will be dark but not too dark that the audience watching won’t be able to see what is happening. This is a classic convention of horrors. This is a top shot view of my location.

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Once in the forest I will use the scenery to aid my cinematography. Putting myself high up in a tree, i can use a high angle shot on my characters below which tells the audience that they’re isolated and unprepared. The image below is from the horror ‘House at the end of the street’. The camera is behind the branches which creates a effect of being hidden, it draws the audience to characters on screen yet still being visually aware that they’re enclosed in a forest.

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The picture below shows the forest from a little distance the pictures shows the how secluded the forest is. A establishing shot from this distance would set the genre and mood to the audience. It also show the darkness within the forest, this is a key convention of a horror.

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The final picture is a small entrance into the forest which would an ideal place for the two characters to enter. It would also be a good area to zoom in on. It would create the effect of being followed closer and foreshadow the closing danger on the characters.

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Title Analysis – The Shining

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9-frame shot of ‘The Shining’ titles.

The story line of the title sequence is basic; its a yellow VW Beetle driving up a winding road to a destination. There is a variety of different shots such as the sequence shot and aerial shots to show the the towering mountains, open lake and condensed woodlands. This is an unorthodox method for foreshadowing the themes of the film like isolation and madness. There is a birds eye view of the forest where you can track the car then a low angle shot of the road. The shots aren’t continuos but because of the car moving forward this regulates the shots to seem continuos. The audio is vital for this title sequence; a happy audio could completely change this opening sequence. The music is originally a slow paced brass instrument which then enhances to more instruments when the titles appear. Near the end of the sequence the audio has climaxed to give the audience the impression of fear for this destination. This effect has appealed to me; for my title sequence will synchronise my titles and audio so the individual features of an opening sequence appear as one. The titles slowly appear up from the bottom of the screen and rise to the top. The titles are in the center so the audience is drawn fully into them and they’re played whilst the action is happening. The colour connotation of blue can symbolize isolation and sadness, this  establishes to the audience that it is a psychological horror. The letters are all in capitals which is conventional of a horror to show significance. In my opening sequence I’ll have all the letters in capitals so the words stand out and it follows a conventional opening sequence of a horror.

Title Analysis – Zombieland

The ‘Zombieland’ titles consist of a variety of slow motion zombies chasing or eating someone whilst a voice over of the main character explains how the zombie virus has quickly spread and a few rules for survival. The main character isn’t seen during the title sequence but as he is the voice speaking the audience infers that its his rules and story. The titles appear for every new shot or each zombie and are in seen in a block red writing which symbolizes and matches the blood seen on screen. The positioning of the titles appear in random positions but also to the right or left of the zombie. It may have been positioned closely to the zombie so all the attention and focus is drawn to watch the zombie is doing. The titles appear during the action which gives a seamless feel when watching the sequence. The genre is establish mainly be the zombie characters but the conventional voice over and action within the first few minutes also suggest this film is a horror. I personally think the slow motion affect was really effective for this sequence as it shows a lot of action which is happening quickly but slowed down so the audience see the graphic gore and detail. I wouldn’t apply this to my work as I don’t think the effect would work the same without lots of character and action. This sequence focus more on the image on screen than the audio used which is unconventional for a horror, this allowed the audience to watch without being too on edge. This focus may be useful for establishing the location which is why I’ll include this feature into my opening sequence.

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9 shot frame of zombieland titles

Analysis of Questionnaire

 

 1. Where would you prefer a horror to be set during an opening sequence? – I chose this question as it would tell me which location appeals to the audience the most it also gives the audience a choice; whatever they pick i will use for my filming location. 12 out 20 participants chose a forest for the preferred location thus i will be shooting in a dark forest by my house. The forest is spatial with a very tall trees this is vital for hiding the face of the killer.

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2. Which gender do you connect with (relate/empathize etc) during an opening sequence? – I wanted to know which gender my audience connects with the most but it was evident that the audience prefer seeing both genders therefore i’ll have a male and a female aged 16-17 entering the forest exchanging small dialogue which will foreshadow the events that will occur in the forest. The “monster” will be a girl who appears as a young ghost, she won’t be seen as much though.

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3. In an opening sequence of a horror what do you think is most important to establish? – This is a vital question in understanding what the audience want to be seen in the opening sequence. It was a tight match between Location and both location and characters. Its conventionally the location to be established which suggest why 47% of the audience chose to establish the location; linking back to the dark forest, i’ll use a variety of high angle shots and establishing shots to create an atmosphere to accompany the location.Picture 5

 

4. What is your favourite horror film and why? – as my audience will all be interesting in horrors it is important to know why a certain horror is their favourite. There was a range of responses from ‘chucky’ to the most common film stated ‘Insidious’. People stated that they enjoyed the “unpredictable” and “unconventional story lines” also the “effective audios” are what commonly make certain horrors people favourite. From this I’ve inferred that i will need to find an audio will creates the mood of tension effectively. Also my opening sequence will need to create enough enigma codes that the audience find the storyline interesting and unpredictable.

5. What option do you prefer for introducing the general information of the film? The information is usually about character, location and plot. – I wanted to know what the audience felted was affective way for introducing information as I’ve learnt what information is important to establish. The results show a balanced between the ‘voice over’ option and the ‘prologue’ option. The highest result showed audience prefer to learn key information through dialogue between characters. I can know incorporate this information into the conversation. For example i can name the forest and talk about what awaits them in the forest etc without giving away the story and making it seem like a trailer. Conventionally prologues are used to explain information so it will make the storyline more unpredictable which was earlier recognised as a factor that the audience enjoy. Screen Shot 2014-10-08 at 20.02.45

 

6. Do you prefer a climatic audio with words or a climatic audio without words? – I’ll be finding and deciding an audio soon and wanted to know what the audience prefer. The majority of result showed “climatic audio without words“, the audience stated this because the audio with words can be ‘distracting’ and an audio without words creates more ‘tension’.

7. What conventions of makeup do you find the scariest e.g red lips, bruised face – This question was design to discover what makes an average person’s face scary. There was a range of answers for zombie makeup to red lips. The features i’ll include are the most frequent answers; red lips, dark eyes and bruised face. 

8. What color of titles do you think will stand out and why? – The audiences responses match the conventional horror titles, contrasting back ground and title color. I’ve decided to do white on a black background. I needed an understanding of what the audience thought was best which is why i asked the question.

9. If you had a choice of lighting sources from the options below what would chose to be used during the opening sequence? – I gave the audience a range of options as lighting is a vital factor of horror conventions. The lowest score was inside light due to audience preferring to film use outside lights, streetlamps and torches. I’ll try to include all of these sources. I can have shots of the streetlamps before they enter the forest and they can have torches whilst the actors are in the forest. I’ll be filming at 6 or 7 o’clock so it is dark but not pitch black.

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10. What makes a horror’s opening sequence scary to you?Explain why – This is a useful question in discovering what audience find scary in an opening sequence because ultimately that is the purpose of an opening sequence. The audience ranged answers from “a frightening location”, “tension audio” and if the scenes are “jumpy”. Interrupting this data into my opening sequence i’ll try to include a ‘jumpy’  moment whilst the characters are in the forest. The location has been selected due to the audience thinking it is the scariest and as i spoke about in the previous answers i’ll select the audio carefully.

11. What do you prefer to happen during an opening sequence?- The following options were action, dialogue between characters and both action and dialogue between. This question is designed to give me a direction of what needs to be included in my opening sequence. The results had little range between them but action was the highest result. I will need to include action in my opening sequence and for this i might include a chase scene or just build the tension within the forest as not a lot of action can happen within the first two minutes of a film.

Screen Shot 2014-10-09 at 17.09.03 12. Do you think it is scarier when the ‘demon/ghost’ face is seen or isn’t seen? Explain why – This was asked simply to know whether the ‘killer’ will be seen or not. The majority of answers said seen which i agree with as it is conventional of horrors also it creates tension. I won’t massively focus on the character though as i think in the situation less with work as more. If too much is seen the effect is lost. Also the character is focused on more later on in the film not during the opening sequence.

13. One of my ideas was to add a filter such as black and white to a section of my opening sequence, what is your opinion of this?Explain why – The responses were varied but the answers did give me an understand of whether the idea would work or not. It was very even but I’ve decided that it won’t work as it may feel like an old film and as I’m filming at night in a forest the effect won’t be as visible.

 The process of writing my questionnaire:

Formatting the questionnaire was simple; the audience needed space to answer and the necessary boxes to tick etc. It was thinking of questions to ask which was difficult. The questions were essential for indicating the audiences preference but the question had to be applicable to your opening sequence. For example if I wanted to film in a park but gave my audience the options to film in a park or river and the audience chose river I would need to film in the river as this is the audience’s preference. When writing the questions you also had to bare in mind that the audience won’t be media students and may not have considered factors of opening sequence such as titles and music. When writing a questionnaire you need to remember the likelihood that people don’t have much time to answer long-winded questions therefore the questionnaire needed a mixture of closed and open questions. Eventually I had 13 questions which would help me understand the audiences’s likes and dislike but also to indicate so ideas for my opening sequence. Then you need to distribute 20 questionnaire to members of your target audience. The best place to collect data would have been in a cinema when a showing of a horror is on then you aware that you’re only asking horror enthusiast. Once the questionnaires had appropriately  filled out, i needed to analyse and  evaluate the data.

Further development from questionnaire results:

  • I’ve finalised on using a dark forest for my location as it was the highest chosen result. I’m pleased for this result as my initial ideas were based in a forest so i’ll be able to develop my ideas further. Audience stated how it is important to establish location during an opening sequence which is ideal for a woodland location. I can climb up a tree and use high angle shots of the characters below and establishing shots of the woods. This is catering the audiences preference whilst establishing the genre.
  • For characters i’ll be using two females and one male. There will be a male and female exchanging dialogue about a rumour they heard about  the woods and then in the woods there will be a female ‘villain’. Makeup is vital in making an appearance frightening – the female villain will have dark eyes, red lips and a bruised pale face. My initial idea of this character is to make her appear like a young girl who haunts the forest; she could be in a white dress but the dress is now old, torn and dirty.  The audience preference for explain general information about the film was through character dialogue. I’ll have to think of a detailed script which allows the audience to understand in greater depth. This is one way to create enigma codes.
  • In the discovery of my the audience’s favourite horror films I learnt that it is usually horror films with unconventional narratives, this allows be to creative with my storyline.
  • Audience prefer audios without words as they’re less distracting, even though I’m not add the stage of choosing an audio i’ll base the decision around the audience’s preference.
  • The titles will be conventional – White writing on a black background. This was the most common result which the audience responded.

 

Audience Profile

Audience Profile of James on the genre of horror.

 

Target Audience

  • Gender: Predominately males (In an average Uk horror 70% of the audiences are males

 

  • Age Range: 15-25 (BBFC Classifications for horrors start usually at 15 up to 18s)
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The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), before 1985 known as British Board of Film Censors, is a non-governmental organisation, founded by the film industry in 1912 and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films within the United Kingdom.

  • Social class: Middle Class

 

  • Psychographics: Explores and struggles. (Explores seek individualism and adventure which horrors usually provide. Also, strugglers seek an escape from reality which can be provided with an unnatural or erie situation.)

 

The Importance Of Audience Research

  • To ensure that the conventions of the film’s genre are suited to the target audiences expectations.
  • Direct personal response from audience of what the they’ll enjoys and will be willing to pay to see.
  • To establish what appeals to the audience and what doesn’t.
  • Establish a target audience and how many people the target audience applies to, this allows producers to average the number of sales.audience

Textual Analysis – The Conjuring

The conjuring is a 2013 American supernatural horror film directed by James Wan. The film comes with a psychological warning as the information is based on a true story and the characters have been stared on real people.

Storyline/Characters:

Two girls talking about an Annabelle doll. – They gave the  ghost of Annabelle permission to inhabit this doll. The doll is moving around and trashing the house for example smashing pictures of them and writing ‘miss me’ on the wall. They’re seeking help from professionals. The whole opening sequence is mainly the conversation and flashbacks of the doll in-sychronisation to the dialogue. The characters introduces themselves at the through dialogue and due to their paralinguistic and acting the audience perceive the girls as stupid for letting the ghost enter the doll yet the audience will sympathise with them due to the situation. The professionals are represents as saviours during the opening sequence and gives the audience a trusting opinion of them.

Location:

The location isn’t majorly vital to the plot but its clear where its set by using medium shots of the trashed room and closes up of the flat’s door. The set has been chosen for the reason of reality – The audience will believe and fear the film if it can be related to them This allows the  location to set the genre.

Sound:

During the production cards is where the audio begins; its a loud pounding audio which is by Joseph Bishara whom also scored music for Insidious -The audio is recognisable for a horror. The starting audio fades out into darkness. There a variety of sound effects for example a tape recording coming on and banging on a door. Its a dietetic dialogue which comes from the characters. There is extremely quiet climatic audio behind the characters talking and the flash backs. This aids the signification of the genre and adds extra detail into creating an atmosphere. During the flashback a voice over is used which allows the audience to infer that the action on screen is in the past.

Cinematography:

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Close up of Annabelle’s eye.

The story beginnings with an extreme close up of the dolls eye which with the use of makeup looks quite scary this allows the audience to know what the focus is on and instantly establish the genre. The camera slowly pans away into the two girls talking about how the doll is paranormal. There is a lot of close ups of the characters speaking about the problems the doll has created, this draws the audience into the detail created. Instead of a shot reverse shot when the characters are conversing, a medium shots is used. This is because the professional’s faces aren’t seen until the end of the opening sequence this allows the audience not to be distracted by lots of characters but instead focus on the doll. The camera often zooms into face and matches the eye level of the doll as of course the doll is small this allows the audience to directly see the doll as if they’re level. Long shots are used down the hallway to create distance the characters and the whilst creating tension.Screen Shot 2014-10-05 at 13.27.18 Quick cuts are used during the girls discovering the trashed room to create the sense of panic. There are a variety of the shot which show what the doll has done without having it move, the shots were purposely chosen to distract the audience from the fact that the doll can’t actually move like over the shot shots of the doll sitting and POV’s.

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Low angle shot – Annabelle’s level.

Lighting:

The lighting is dark which signifies the genre and creates scary atmosphere. Also there is a filter to show its on a 1960s tape recording which adds to the realism created. When the girls discover the room of which Annabelle has trashed there is a flicking lamp in the corner which is lighting the room – a flickering light is another lighting convention for horror so this also assist the genre signified. The lamp was on Annabelle’s height level so this shot has been created to purposely shown that the light is below her. It also creates an eerie effect like she is telling a ghost story with a torch under her.

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Enigma Codes:

Almost instantly enigma codes are raised: Who is Annabelle? Why does she want to hurt these girls? What is going to happen? All of these questions is what drives the audience to continue watching.

Titles:

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Finally 6 minuets and 30 seconds in the titles appear. On a black background yellow writing pans up from the centre of the screen in a ‘star wars’ manner. Its general information about the characters the case on the conjuring. The font is simplistic yet smart in a fairly small size but the film name is considerable larger. The black background foreshadows a dark background behind the two characters. It also reflects the genre of horror. The yellow stands out as could foreshadow a happy ending.

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Textual Analysis – Tower Block

Tower block is a 2012 British thriller/horror which shows the residents of block 31being picked off by a sniper, putting those lucky enough to be alive into a battle for survival.

Titles:

The opening sequences starts of with a black background then red block writing slowly appears onto the centre of the screen with two words in white, ‘tower block’; this emphasises the importance of the words. The colour of the writing has connotations of blood, death and danger. However there is an conflicting contrast between the colour connotations because white has the connotation of innocence and purity. This could be a foreshadowing that the tower block is a safe house. The writing which appeared was general background information about why the tower blocks were built which informs and sets the mood for what the film will centre around. The letters are all in capitals to show the significance of the word/name. The titles fade in and out of the action

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Sound:

There is also a quiet climatic audio being played behind the writing, which fades out into a louder different climatic music when the chase begins. There is a non-diegetic droning audio which is synchronised with the action. This sets the mood; a tense and rigid atmosphere. There is a very quiet sound effect of footsteps and heavy breathing, this extra detail also aids the atmosphere created and establishes the genre. Music can be used as pre-warning for when the action is coming e.g: the climatic peak during the opening sequence is right before the man gets captured by the masked men.

 

Storyline/Characters:

It quickly cuts to a man in the darkness running from two masked men. This almost instantly introduces the potential villains of the film by representing them through a crime which allows the audience to form a negative opinion on them. The man being chased is perceived as weak this allows the audience to empathise with him. They run into the tower block, up the stairs and along the corridors. The man being chased bangs on the doors of block 31 pleading for help “someone fucking help me”. Shots of people looking their doors and turning off lights which creates a lot of enigma codes. Eventually one blond hair woman comes to help the boy, screaming “get the fuck off him”. But the masked men proceed to beating them both and dragging the boys beaten body off screen. The dialogue and language used by the characters gives an indicating of who they are and what they’re like. Once the action has happened it continues with the titles in the corner of the screen and a range of shots of the tower in the background.

 

Cinematography:

During the opening sequence, match on action is used to incorporate different shots of the man running. This creates  fluidity and continuously shows the same action. A tracking shot is used to follow the man running which creates a urgency and panicked atmopshere. Then longer establishing shot of the tower  which are followed by a close ups of the man running. Close ups allow the audience to connect with the character. The establishing shots creates a sense of the location and shows the audience the main focus of the film will be on this tower block. Extreme long shots are used to witness the action from a distance, this puts the audience in the place of an on-watcher will the boy is screaming for help.  It uses high angle shots to focus the action (the man being beaten to death). Also, The camera angle tilts and fades out into the title; this makes the answer feel like an viewer watching the murder.

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Enigma Codes:

The sequences instantly creates enigma codes: why is this man being chased? Who are the masked men? Why did he run to this tower block? If an opening sequence has created a lot of enigma codes then it has created interest within the audience which is the main purpose with an opening sequence.

Lighting:

The lighting for this opening sequence matches the conventions of most horrors and thrillers. Lighting is used to signify the genre especially darkness. The chase scene has been shot at night so the lighting comes from the street lights which creates a dirty effect. This also assist the genre conventions. The lighting within the tower block corridors is limited but visible enough that the action can be seen.

 

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Title cover of Tower Block. The independent British horror.